Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist Practice Exam

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• Which option is NOT a listed purpose of using circles or figure-eight patterns in hippotherapy?
• Which statement describes a swallow-related benefit of supine on rump?
• Lateral shifting of weight facilitates which body movement?
• Which statement best describes reducing degrees of freedom in client planning?
• Which three terms are traditionally used with sensory integration in therapy?
• Dynamic on Static motor learning is described by which statement?
• When was the first HPCS exam conducted?
• Spinal flexion/extension of the horse affects the rider by producing which displacement?
• A hind foot toe contacting the heel of the front foot describes which condition?
• Which event occurred in 2004?
• A flex test in horses is used to evaluate what?
• Static on Dynamic motor learning is described by which scenario?
• What does deceleration of the horse facilitate in the person?
• In the 1960s, horses began to be used as an adjunct to physical therapy in which countries?
• Which best defines degrees of freedom in task performance within therapy?
• What is the minimum recommended general liability/accident coverage for a hippotherapy program?
• Which animal is typically quicker based on tempo?
• Which statement about prone over barrel relates to respiration-related benefits?
• Which statement best describes typical weight distribution and center of gravity in relation to the heart girth?
• In a flex test, what does a score of 0 indicate?
• What does a horse's trot produce in the human?
• Which condition typically affects the front feet and is a chronic disabling condition?
• Movements in motor learning theory are commonly classified based on which factors?
• The stifle and hock are located in which limb?
• Which statement is a specific benefit of backward sitting?
• During mounting, where should the therapist be positioned relative to the horse?
• In hippotherapy for a child with Autism, which horse characteristic provides the most proprioceptive input and three-dimensional movement in all planes?
• How many cervical vertebrae does a horse have?
• The transverse plane is defined as the horizontal division of the body into which portions?
• Turn-out schedule requires a daily minimum turnout of how many hours?
• Which factor is most important for balancing the horse during therapy sessions?
• During an emergency transfer when a horse spooks, which sequence should occur while the horse is being led?
• Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) is especially useful for which of the following?
• Postural stability is defined as:
• Which statement about modified standing or 2-point on the horse is correct regarding motor planning?
• Which choice best identifies the proprioceptive input’s effect on oral motor proprioception?
• In 1987, how many American and Canadian therapists traveled to Germany to study hippotherapy?
• What is the correct daily turnout minimum hours?
• How many steps can the child typically take with chest-supported help?
• What is ringbone?
• Which statement best describes Level 5 evidence?
• In gait terminology, what does a stride represent?
• The 'just right' challenge refers to which of the following concepts?
• Which statement best describes the rationale for using varied horse gait patterns such as circles, figure-eight, and serpentine in hippotherapy?
• In a horse flex test, a score of 5 indicates what?
• Which position will best facilitate axial extension to improve a posterior pelvic tilt when forward sitting?
• What effect does impulsion in the horse have on the patient's pelvis and arousal level?
• In the gait glossary, what does a stride represent?
• Which plane divides the body into front and back portions?
• Which of the following are generic subcategories of equine assisted therapy?
• What are the two categories used to describe muscle involvement in motor skills?
• During a year, horses should have a minimum off period of how many full weeks?
• For lateral pelvic tilt, what are the localized and global responses?
• When was AHA's first section of NARHA established?
• What is the maximum total HPOT hours per day?
• Which physical change characterizes collection in the horse?
• Level 4 is described as which type of study?
• The plane defined as a horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions is which?
• What kind of movement does a horse with upright pasterns produce?
• Can low ringbone (around the coffin bone) be made sound?
• Serial practice is defined as?
• What is the recommended height for the mounting block?
• The child’s sitting posture described as ring sitting indicates which posture?
• When was AHA Inc. established?
• Which of the following is a potential cause of colic in horses?
• Which statement best describes how the HPOT environment should be used to support sensory integration?
• Which describes concurrent intrinsic feedback?
• The plane associated with anterior/posterior moments in movement is which?
• Which of the following is a benefit of supine on rump during hippotherapy?
• Which statement best describes the described gait deviations?
• What is sensory integration?
• What is serial practice?
• How do horse girth and conformation influence rider seating when adductor spasticity is present?
• What is the recommended ramp platform size and lip height?
• When was the first AHA conference held?
• What is the PATH Standard off side barrier distance from the mounting block?
• Static- motor learning refers to movement described as which concept?
• What does the 1/3 principle refer to in evaluating conformation for hippotherapy?
• Which term describes a motor skill with a well-defined start and finish?
• Placing the hand laterally on a one-handled surcingle primarily promotes which of the following?
• In hippotherapy, vestibular input from these patterns is most closely associated with which patient outcome?
• Which hind limb conformation is associated with improved long-term soundness due to efficient swing and weight carrying capacity?
• Hippotherapy is useful in treating sensory integration disorders because:
• What are mutton withers?
• In a healthy horse, CRT returns to normal within how many seconds?
• Which term refers to feedback available at the end of movement?
• Which steps describe how to check CRT?
• Which is not a typical sign of colic in horses?
• Under saddle training should occur at what frequency?
• In what year was the entry level (AHCB) exam created?
• Which of the following best describes over-tracking?
• The frontal plane divides the body into which portions?
• What does proprioceptive input from the horse affect in speech therapy?
• Which description best defines serial motor skills?
• How do small changes impact motor function according to DST?
• Which describes terminal intrinsic feedback?
• Hoof testers are used to assess what in a horse's hoof?
• Tempo refers to what?
• What is the walking speed of an average child?
• Which condition has no cure but can be managed with shoeing or trimming?
• What is the average normal body temperature for a horse?
• What is a common consequence of back-at-the-knee conformation?
• Which statement reflects transfer of learning in hippotherapy?
• Supine on rump facilitates which velar sounds?
• Where is the center of gravity typically located relative to the heart girth in a well-balanced horse?
• Which statement is true about pelvis motion during hippotherapy?
• Hind leg/hoof contact facilitates which pelvic movement?
• When was NARHA renamed PATH?
• Which condition is explicitly listed as a contraindication due to potential spinal instability?
• If the saddle is too small for the horse, what postural change is typically observed in the horse?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed benefit of side sitting?
• Which scenario best illustrates static on dynamic?
• How many lumbar vertebrae does a horse have?
• Which forelimb feature best indicates proper alignment when viewed from the front or side?
• What is spavin bone or jack spavin?
• Which practice strategy promotes transfer of learning by practicing several motor tasks in random order?
• Which diagnosis may be compromised by movement activities?
• Which statement is true about the frontal plane?
• Which of the following is a benefit of the quad on the horse position?
• Which method is used to evaluate lameness in horses?
• What is the typical resting pulse rate for a horse?
• Which factor is essential for open motor skills?
• What must be done with a horse that tests positive for Coggins?
• The elbow and knee are located in which region?
• Hind leg swing through facilitates which pelvic adjustment in the rider?
• How many railings should be on the ramp?
• In what year was NARHA established?
• What is a bowed tendon?
• During lateral weight shift movements on the horse, what is the global response?
• Level 3b corresponds to which type of study?
• How does the canter impact the human body?
• Transitions involve?
• Which seating position is listed as a method to focus on flexion during hippotherapy?
• Raising the horse's head shifts the rider's center of gravity in which direction?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to hippotherapy?
• Which surcingle configuration is associated with facilitating lateral movement?
• What are the four S's and the R that describe the quality of movement in hippotherapy?
• Static on Static motor learning means learning a skill in a stable environment.
• Which statement correctly describes the effect of horse acceleration and deceleration on trunk posture?
• Which gait provides the greatest vestibular and ocular motor input to the rider?
• What issues does being "over at the knee" (joint bend forward) cause?
• Which statement about righting reactions in hippotherapy is accurate?
• What is the recommended relationship between the pastern and hoof angles?
• Which practice schedule is more productive for motor learning?
• Direction is directly related to which quality?
• Which statement best describes dynamic motor learning?
• Forging in horses is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement best describes this child's standing pattern?
• How do girth and general conformation influence seating and hip rotation?
• The human pelvic movement response to the horse's pelvic rotation includes which of the following?
• Which characteristic describes open motor skills?
• Which of the following are principles of motor learning theory?
• A statement about therapy after tendon rehabilitation is true?
• What is bascule in equine biomechanics?
• Level 1b corresponds to which study type?
• What are you looking for in a horse's forearm to signify strength, appropriate movement patterns and long term soundness?
• Which aspect is targeted by Sensory Integration Theory-based interventions?
• What does the sensory environment provide for the patient during a hippotherapy session?
• PATH is the renamed acronym for which organization?
• What is the focus of intervention in Sensory Integration Theory?
• Static on Static motor learning is exemplified by which scenario?
• Which MAS grade is described as 'Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult'?
• Lengthening stride contributes to which dissociation between pelvis and trunk?
• What is modulation in sensory integration?
• Which of the following lists the components of a treatment plan?
• Disability is defined as?
• In a motor skill context, which environment best supports a closed motor skill?
• During early therapy sessions, which movements might best improve this child's tone and sitting balance while the child is sitting forward on the horse?
• Overreaching in horses is defined as which action?
• Which environment describes unpredictable changes?
• In DST, what term describes the emergence of new motor behaviors as old forms lose stability?
• Which statement best describes Newton's First Law of Motion?
• Discrete motor skills are characterized by what feature?
• From a DST lens, what aspects should clinicians consider and evaluate when helping a child learn a new motor ability?
• Newton's Third Law states which principle?
• What may be needed to facilitate sensory integration?
• What does a Modified Ashworth Scale score of 0 indicate?
• What does Dynamic Systems Theory say about development?
• What kind of angle are you looking for with the horse's pastern in relation to the hoof?
• What is the appropriate course of action when an MS exacerbation is suspected during hippotherapy sessions?
• What does HEP stand for in hippotherapy-related treatment plans?
• What term describes a continuous task with varied parameters?
• Can high ringbone be corrected or made sound?
• Movement of the horse in figures of eight at a medium walk provides increased proprioceptive input. This describes which sensory input?
• Which statement best describes crest mounting for a patient with cerebral palsy and high lower-extremity tone?
• Which condition is characterized by excessive synovial fluid in a joint?
• In hippotherapy outcomes, how does HPOT affect wells of stability?
• Which term refers to feedback during movement?
• Dynamic on Static motor learning involves learning a skill in a changing environment and then applying it in a stable setting.
• Prior to initiating hippotherapy for a child, which items are required?
• Which event is the most recent among those listed?
• Level 1a is best described as which type of evidence?
• Feedback in Motor Learning is defined as:
• Level 2b corresponds to which study type?
• During safe transitions in hippotherapy, which team members coordinate to maintain control and assist with transfers?
• Long-line training frequency should be performed how many times per week?
• Which position or movement is listed as a method to focus on extension during hippotherapy?
• If a condition cannot be changed or addressed, is the horse appropriate for HPOT?
• Circles and eight-shaped patterns are used in hippotherapy for which of the following primary purposes?
• Which statement correctly describes the effect of a one-handled surcingle in the sagittal plane?
• Which statement is a key principle of motor learning theory?
• Ringbone can be described as which of the following?
• In 1987, a group of 18 American and Canadian therapists traveled to study hippotherapy in which country?
• Which statement best reflects an important factor for clients with MS?
• Capillary refill time is used to assess which physiological aspect?
• In DST, what does 'Wells of stability' describe?
• What is an example of DST being used in practice for motor control?
• Rotation of the horse's pelvis results in which pelvic adjustment in the rider?
• Lengthening stride activates which muscle groups in the abdomen and back?
• Which option is NOT a category in Gentile's Classification of Task-Motor Learning Theory?
• Which description matches variable practice?
• Which statement describes a sensory benefit of forward sitting?
• The gaskin is located between which joints?
• Which outcomes are associated with improved postural control, praxis, and bilateral integration?
• How many thoracic vertebrae does a horse have?
• In horse biomechanics, what defines engagement?
• What is the resting respiration rate for a horse?
• What is variable practice?
• Adaptive postural control involves which concept?
• Which item is commonly included in a basic horse first aid kit?
• What is a plumb line from point of rump?
• Which type of horse would be most appropriate for this child?
• Which of the following is NOT a use of serpentines in hippotherapy?
• Using a midline hand placement on a one-handled surcingle best promotes which functional outcome?
• Which item is NOT listed as part of a typical horse first aid kit?
• What does hind leg/hoof contact facilitate in the person?
• Which motor learning strategy is demonstrated in a scenario where a therapist instructs a horse leader to stop at cues and the rider must stay upright in anticipation?
• In hippotherapy, gait quality improvements are achieved primarily by which mechanism?
• Which describes feedforward control in motor learning?
• What does a Coggin's test screen for in horses?
• Who is credited with the first statement that riding at the walk is beneficial and also recognized potential contraindications of excessive riding?
• Impairment is defined as?
• The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae together total how many?
• Which weekly HPOT plan correctly describes in-session frequency and training days?
• Crossing midline is a functional benefit associated with which hippotherapy pattern?
• Which scenario is a contraindication due to risk of wound healing impairment?
• Which MAS grade is described as 'Affect part(s) rigid in flexion or extension'?
• Which incident is not covered by general liability/accident insurance for a rehabilitation practice offering hippotherapy?
• Lowering the horse's head shifts the rider's center of gravity in which direction?
• In therapeutic practice, degrees of freedom are defined as what?
• Block practice is defined as which of the following?
• During a 2-point standing activity, which outcome is described?
• Which description corresponds to Modified Ashworth Scale grade 1+?
• Lateral tilt occurs in which plane?
• Why is assessing conformation and applying the 1/3 principle important for hippotherapy.
• What is the effect of a head set low on the neck on rider balance?
• Which scenario is an example of a closed motor skill?
• Which condition is listed as a contraindication to hippotherapy due to bleeding risk?
• Which set of top-line characteristics is considered favorable for balance?
• The sagittal plane divides the body into which portions?
• What are the outcomes of facilitating sensory modulation, discrimination, and integration?
• Which term describes the ability to bend on both sides?
• What symptoms are associated with a horse testing positive for Coggins?
• In a hippotherapy scenario, which impairment is addressed when the movement is designed to influence vestibular processing?
• How do you organize the variables or degrees of freedom for a client?
• Level 3a corresponds to which type of study?
• What mounting procedure is considered best for safety of patient and welfare of the horse during hippotherapy?
• What is navicular disease?
• Which statement describes intrinsic feedback in motor learning?
• What is the maximum HPOT session length before a break and the maximum total HPOT hours per day?
• What are you looking for in the conformation of the hind legs of a horse?
• What is the recommended percentage of protein in horse feed?
• Which description defines under-tracking?
• Hippotherapy promotes motor learning of skills primarily because:
• What is the walking speed of an average adult in steps per minute?
• Osteochondrosis
• What is a prerequisite for sensory integration according to Sensory Integration Theory?
• Which year is associated with Liz Hartel in the history of hippotherapy?
• Which equipment is best for a child's initial therapy session?
• Capillary refill time (CRT) measures what?
• What is bog spavin?
• What is difficult about horses with low withers or high withers?
• Which of the following are duties of the horse handler prior to and during a hippotherapy session?
• Level 2a is associated with which type of study?
• What is the walking speed of a child with spastic diplegia?
• Static on Dynamic motor learning means learning a skill in a stable environment while adding dynamic elements.
• How do you utilize sensory integration in an HPOT session?
• Lengthening the horse's stride provides which primary sensory inputs?
• What do horses with short backs have trouble with?
• What issues does being "back at the knee" cause for a horse?
• Serpentine patterns are used to achieve which combination of sensory inputs?
• In which plane does rotation occur?
• Which of the following is an example of a continuous motor skill?
• Which of the following presents the correct order of Levels of Evidence from highest to lowest?
• In DST, what is considered critical to motor development?
• Laminitis is inflammation of which region?
• Which example illustrates proactive-prepare in hippotherapy?
• The cannon bone, fetlock and pastern are located in which region?
• According to the described law of acceleration, which rider safety principle is illustrated by smaller riders experiencing greater impact during sudden stops or turns?
• Which of the following is an example of a discrete motor skill?
• According to ecological theory, what components interact to influence motor behavior and learning?
• What is registration in sensory integration?
• What is the correct weekly in-session schedule described by the HPOT plan?
• Which cognitive strategy has been shown to increase motor learning?
• What do horses with long weak backs or sway backs have trouble with?
• Open loop feedback is defined as?
• Which term describes the ability of the horse to remain balanced and light?
• What describes collection?
• What is the footfall sequence for a horse's walk?
• What kind of sensory input improves head, neck and eye position of a hypotonic child?
• For a 70-year-old woman with right CVA and left-sided weakness who requires hippotherapy, how would you transition her onto the horse?
• A physical therapist would bill hippotherapy sessions for reducing spasticity and improving gait as which CPT code?
• Closed loop feedback is defined as?
• In the context of pelvic adjustments, rotation of the horse's pelvis most directly causes which pelvic movement in the rider?
• What gait is associated with a short straight shoulder?
• Functional limitation is defined as?
• In hippotherapy for a child with Autism, which characteristic of the horse most directly supports proprioceptive input and multi-plane movement?
• Lateral bending of the horse's pelvis causes which rider movement?
• In hippotherapy, does the pelvis undergo lateral tilt or lateral displacement?
• What is the footfall of a left lead canter?
• Which statement about upright pasterns is true?
• Which condition cannot be corrected?
• Lengthening the stride is associated with which postural outcome?
• What is the footfall of a right lead canter?
• What is the effect of mutton withers on tack fit and movement?
• Which motor learning principle emphasizes generalizability through practice?
• What gait effect does a long, well-sloped shoulder have on movement and leg reach?
• Which statement best describes crest mounting in hippotherapy?
• What is the lip height on the ramp platform?
• In hoof dynamics, forging occurs when which of the following happens?
• When utilizing DST for self-organization, which factors are important to consider?
• In a left lead canter, which sequence correctly describes footfalls?
• Helmet safety for hippotherapy equipment should meet which standard?
• Which statement best describes the appropriate level of challenge in sensory integration?
• What is feed forward in motor control?
• Which observation is noted about this child's knees during standing?
• Which scenario illustrates an open motor skill?
• Sitting backwards during hippotherapy helps achieve upright head and gaze in which scenario?
• Which statement best describes over-tracking in terms of pelvic movement?
• How does vestibular input from the horse affect speech?
• Which of the following is a component of a hippotherapy treatment plan?
• Which statement best describes random practice?
• If the saddle is too big for the patient, what tilt does the pelvis commonly exhibit?
• Which statement is a concise expression of Newton's Second Law?
• Backward sitting provides which social/communication benefit?
• Which event occurred earliest in hippotherapy history among the following options?
• Which benefit of side sitting includes shoulder girdle stabilization?
• Prone on rump provides which of the following?
• In modified side sitting (facing forward with one leg flexed, abducted, and externally rotated at the hip), which of the following is described as a benefit?
• Which of the following describes signs of colic in horses?
• Which statement describes a key benefit of modified standing or 2-point on the horse?
• Tempo is measured in which units?
• Postural orientation refers to:
• Which statement best defines speed?
• Static motor learning refers to movement as which of the following?
• Which theoretical concept provides a rationale for hippotherapy?
• Level 5 evidence is best described as which type?
• The benefit of placing a 4-year-old child with Developmental Delay prone over the barrel of the horse includes which of the following?
• The forearm of the horse is located in which region?
• To improve this patient's gait deviations, which activity would be most beneficial?
• How many beats are in a horse's walk?
• A horse with a naturally large over-track tends to affect the human pelvis in which way?
• What does acceleration of the horse facilitate in the person?
• Which description corresponds to Modified Ashworth Scale grade 2?
• What kind of sensory input improves head, neck and eye position of a child with low arousal?
• Level 2b corresponds to which study type?
• Prone over barrel provides which of the following?